FEBS Letters

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) dominates African agricultural policy discourse, yet fifteen years post-conceptualization, its transformative potential remains unrealized. Bibliometric analysis of 161 Scopus-indexed publications (2014-2025) reveals exponential field growth (31.3% annually) coupled with on technical dimensions and systemic neglect of financial mechanisms. Network analysis (VOSviewer), semantic mapping and citation bibliometrics expose cognitive oligopolisation--wherein 1.8% of authors generate 45% of output--geographical fragmentation into weakly connected regional clusters, and critical underrepresentation of the vulnerable Sahel. Despite 46.6% of publications addressing economic themes, merely 5.6% rigorously integrate financial analysis with adoption variables; terms including investment, cost-benefit and climate finance remain absent from major semantic clusters. The concept of structural financial ambiguity is introduced to characterize the maintenance of CSA in operational indeterminacy through academic discourse that substitutes description for actionable financial theorization. Paradigmatic transformation conditions are identified through emerging scholarship employing discrete choice experiments and cost-benefit evaluations to construct requisite knowledge foundations. Findings indicate that without comprehensive theorization of microfinance, digital finance, index-based insurance and payments for environmental services, international climate commitments risk implementation failure due to absence of scientifically validated financial instruments rather than technical solutions.

A scientific diaspora refers to a community of scientists who have emigrated from their home country to work in another nation. This study investigates this phenome in depth the Brazilian context, examining who comprises this diaspora (doctorates, postdocs, lecturers), where they have migrated, and their areas of study. We conducted this examination based on publications by Brazilian doctors who graduated between 2005 and 2021, as well as post-doctorates and students with full doctorate scholarships abroad. These students were identified on the CAPES open data website. The publications of these authors were captured in Scopus and Web of Science. Then those with addresses abroad were analysed in Vosviewer(R) and using logistic regression (stayed abroad or not), area of knowledge and a decision tree to see the effect of the Brazilian university region, type of institution and scholarship on the decision to migrate. The level of diaspora is approximately 1.7% among all doctorates trained in Brazil, reaching 6.6% in postdoctoral scholars with experience abroad. This suggests that PhDs with advanced training and experience have a higher propensity to emigrate from Brazil. These PhDs predominantly choose to migrate to North America and Western Europe, with a strong preference for careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Brazilian PhDs with international experience tend to have a more diverse migration pattern, while those who complete their PhD in Brazil show a distinct preference for migrating to Portugal, indicating differing global mobility based on scientific experience. A decision tree analysis reveals that life or exact sciences PhDs, those who graduated after 2012, and obtained their postgraduate degrees from institutions in the southeast or south of Brazil are more likely to migrate. While the reasons behind these migration patterns are not evaluated in this study, better job prospects, higher salaries, or more substantial research funding could be influential factors in the decision to migrate.

Research using model organisms to tackle questions in life sciences and biomedical sciences has been in the spotlight of scientific literature for the better part of the twentieth century. This attention has perceptibly faded over the last twenty years, at least. We set to document this process by examining the publication trends of 48 journals encompassing a broad range of topics and impact factors for eight classic model organisms. We found that the representation of model-organism research has been in continuous decline in the last three decades, with a significant acceleration since 2010. We investigated the origin of the change, from the size of research communities to the shifts in topics and in use of model organisms. While model organism communities appear stable, model organism papers are outpaced by the rest of scientific literature. Also, among papers using model organisms, we note a progressive shift toward applied research, with differences between different model organism species. The mouse, in particular, logically remains the preferred system to study diseases, while non-mouse model organisms continue to be used predominantly to dissect mechanisms of life. We reflect on the consequences of the fading representation that we measured for the future of life sciences. Fundamentally, model organisms afford a direct access to causality in life sciences and their fading from the picture may impact life sciences as a whole. More pragmatically, it will also affect funding, and thereby jeopardizes the maintenance of model organism resources such as repositories built over decades.

To investigate the impact of preprints on the citation counts of COVID-19-related papers, this study compares the number of citations received by drafts initially distributed as preprints and later published in journals with those received by papers directly submitted to journals. The difference in the median number of citations between COVID-19 preprint-distributed papers and COVID-19 directly submitted papers published in 184 journals was tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that 129 journals had a statistically significant higher median citation count for COVID-19 preprint-distributed papers compared to directly submitted papers, with a p-value of less than 0.05. In contrast, no journals had a statistically significant higher median citation count for COVID-19 directly submitted papers. This indicates that 70.11% of the journals that published preprint-distributed papers experienced a significant increase in citations. We also identified that among the 184 journals, 13 journals garnered a substantial number of citations. Among the 74,037 COVID-19 papers, preprint-distributed papers (9,028) accounted for only 12.19%. However, among the 2,015,997 citations received by COVID-19 papers, preprint-distributed papers garnered 542,715 citations, representing a substantial 26.92%. These results suggest that distributing preprints prior to formal publication may help COVID-19 research reach a wider audience, potentially leading to increased readership and citations.

This paper examines the extent to which research has been published open access in response to two global threats: COVID-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate change. We compare the accessibility of COVID-19 content versus SDG literature using the Dimensions database between 2000 and 2021, classifying each publication as gold open access, green, bronze, hybrid, or closed. We found that 79.9% of COVID-19 research papers published between January 2020 and December 2021 was open access, with 39.0% published with gold open access licenses. In contrast, just 55.7% of SDG papers were open access in the same time period, with only 36.0% published with gold open access licenses. Papers related to the climate emergency overall had the second-lowest level of open access at just 55.5%. Papers published by the largest for-profit publishers that committed to both the SDG Publishers Compact and climate actions were not predominantly published open access. The paper highlights the need for continued efforts to promote open access publishing to facilitate scientific research and technological development to address global challenges. One-Sentence SummaryIn contrast to COVID-19 papers, research on UN Sustainable Development Goals including the climate emergency have not been made open access by leading global science publishers despite their corporate commitments to sustainability and climate action.

The twin arginine transport (Tat) pathway exports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes and the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. In Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, the Tat machinery comprises TatA, TatB and TatC components. A Tat receptor complex, formed from all three proteins, binds Tat substrates, which triggers receptor organisation and recruitment of further TatA molecules to form the active Tat translocon. The polytopic membrane protein TatC forms the core of the Tat receptor and harbours two binding sites for the sequence-related TatA and TatB proteins. A polar cluster binding site, formed by TatC transmembrane helices (TMH) 5 and 6 is occupied by TatB in the resting receptor and exchanges for TatA during receptor activation. The second binding site, lying further along TMH6 is occupied by TatA in the resting state, but its functional relevance is unclear. Here we have probed the role of this second binding site through a programme of random and targeted mutagenesis. Characterisation of three stably produced TatC variants, P221R, M222R and L225P, each of which is inactive for protein transport, demonstrated that the substitutions did not affect assembly of the Tat receptor. Moreover, the substitutions that we analysed did not abolish TatA or TatB binding to either binding site. Using targeted mutagenesis we introduced bulky substitutions into the TatA binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations and crosslinking analysis indicated that TatA binding at this site was substantially reduced by these amino acid changes, however TatC retrained function. While it is not clear whether TatA binding at the TMH6 site is essential for Tat activity, the isolation of inactivating substitutions indicate that this region of the protein has a critical function.

Protein design requires a deep control of protein folding energetics, which can be determined experimentally on a case-by-case basis but is not understood in sufficient detail. Calorimetry, protein engineering and biophysical modeling have outlined the fundamentals of protein stability, but these approaches face difficulties in elucidating the specific contributions of the intervening molecules and elementary interactions to the folding energy balance. Recently, we showed that, using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of native proteins and their unfolded ensembles, one can calculate, within experimental error, the enthalpy and heat capacity changes of the folding reaction. Analyzing MD simulations of four model proteins (CI2, barnase, SNase and apoflavodoxin) whose folding enthalpy and heat capacity changes have been successfully calculated, we dissect here the energetic contributions to protein stability made by the different molecular players (polypeptide and solvent molecules) and elementary interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals and bonded) involved. Although the proteins analyzed differ in length (65-168 amino acid residues), isoelectric point (4.0-8.99) and overall fold, their folding energetics is governed by the same quantitative pattern. Relative to the unfolded ensemble, the native conformation is enthalpically stabilized by comparable contributions from protein-protein and solvent-solvent interactions, and it is nearly equally destabilized by interactions between protein and solvent molecules. From the perspective of elementary physical interactions, the native conformation is stabilized by van de Waals and coulombic interactions and is destabilized by bonded interactions. Also common to the four proteins, the sign of the heat capacity change is set by protein-solvent interactions or, from the alternative perspective, by coulombic interactions.

Redox - enzyme maturation proteins (REMP) ensure co-factor loading and folding of proteins targeted to the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. The details of the interaction of a REMP with the corresponding signal sequence of its substrate are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the features of the signal sequence for the Tat substrate DmsA (ssDmsA) responsible for complex formation with its REMP, DmsD, and with the Tat membrane complex TatB & TatC (TatBC). A heterologously expressed ssDmsA/DmsD complex forms two stochiometric populations corresponding to monomeric and dimeric forms of the complex. The monomeric complex has a higher affinity for the TatBC complex than the dimeric, which imply higher level regulation process to ensure the maturation of protein before translocation. Results from various binding studies yielded the shortest signal peptide required for ssDmsA/DmsA interaction and the region responsible for the TatBC interaction. Further experiments like alanine scanning in this peptide highlight the possible residues that are essential for this complex formation.

BackgroundWhile the characteristics of scholars who publish in predatory journals are relatively well-understood, nothing is known about the scholars who review for these journals. We aimed to answer the following questions: Can we observe patterns of reviewer characteristics for scholars who review for predatory journals and for legitimate journals? Second, how are reviews for potentially predatory journals distributed globally? MethodsWe matched random samples of 1,000 predatory journals and 1,000 legitimate journals of the Cabells Scholarly Analytics journal lists with the Publons database of review reports, using the Jaro-Winkler string metric. For reviewers of matched reviews, we descriptively analysed meta-data on reviewing and publishing behaviour. ResultsWe matched 183,743 unique Publons reviews that were claimed by 19,598 reviewers. 6,077 reviews were conducted for 1160 unique predatory journals (3.31% of all reviews). 177,666 were claimed for 6,403 legitimate journals (96.69% of all reviews). The vast majority of scholars either never or only occasionally submitted reviews for predatory journals to Publons (89.96% and 7.55% of all reviewers, respectively). Smaller numbers of scholars claimed reviews predominantly or exclusively for predatory journals (0.26% and 0.35% of all reviewers, respectively). The two latter groups of scholars are of younger academic age and have fewer publications and fewer reviews than the first two groups of scholars.Developing regions feature larger shares of reviews for predatory reviews than developed regions. ConclusionThe characteristics of scholars who review for potentially predatory journals resemble those of authors who publish their work in these outlets. In order to combat potentially predatory journals, stakeholders will need to adopt a holistic approach that takes into account the entire research workflow.

BackgroundThe Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) tested a new CV format called SciCV to encourage fair, DORA-compliant assessment of grant applicants. It was developed in close collaboration with the academic evaluation community and international experts, introduced through detailed change management and finally tested in its utility by an independent research team of the Center for Science and Technology Studies Leiden (CWTS). MethodsWe present the development of the SciCV pilot and its evaluation by the CWTS research group. The analysis comprised both quantitative and qualitative methods, with (i) surveys and semi-structured interviews with applicants and reviewers, (ii) text analysis of the narrative elements of SciCV, and (iii) participant observation in ten evaluation panel meetings. ResultsNarrative elements and the inclusion of the academic age were rated as most useful new CV elements, while the inclusion of two metrics, the h-index and the relative citation ratio, were received more critically. The omission of a full publication list had similar numbers of supporters and opponents among applicants and reviewers. Less experienced and junior applicants and reviewers rated the new format generally more positively than more senior applicants and reviewers. The text analysis of narrative elements yielded no significant gender specific differences. The participant observation revealed that the new elements in SciCV broadened the information base used in the evaluation of applicants but did not fundamentally alter traditional, publication-centred evaluation practices. ConclusionSciCV was a relevant and successful initiative for the SNSF, which showed that the implementation of a new, well-structured CV format is not only feasible but also something that many stakeholders welcome.The extensive experience and results obtained during the change process formed the basis for the development of SciCV 2.0 at the SNSF. It also offers a basis and guidance for other funding organisations planning similar initiatives.

Sequence homology in pre-divergence tRNA species revealed cofactor/adaptors cognate for 16 amino acids derived from oxaloacetate, pyruvate, phosphoglycerate, or phosphoenolpyruvate were related. Synthesis path-distances of these amino acids correlated with phylogenetic depth, reflecting relative residue frequency in pre-divergence sequences. Both metrics were thus aligned in the four sub-families of the Aspartate family, and misaligned in the small Glutamate family; a functional difference was noted and seen to parallel synthetase duality. Amino acid synthetic order, based on path-distances, indicate NH4+ fixer amino acids, Asp1, Asn2, and homologues, Glu1, Gln2, formed the first code. Together with a termination signal, they acquired all four triplet 4-sets in the XAN column (X, 5 coding site; N, any 3-base). An invariant mid-A conformed with pre-code translation on a poly(A) template by a ratchet-equipped ribosome resulting in random, polyanionic polypeptides. Code expansion occurred in a compact (mutation minimizing) columnwise pattern, (XAN) XCN XGN XUN; with increasing mean path-distance, (1.5) 4 5 7 steps; amino acid side-chain hydrophobicity, (+6.6) -0.8 -1.5 -3.2 kcal/ mol; codon:anticodon H bond enthalpy (selection for bond-strength), (-12.5) -17.5 -15.5 -14.5 kcal/ mol; and precursorspecific 5-base, A, oxaloacetate, G, pyruvate/oxaloacetate, U, phosphoglycerate/oxaloacetate, C, oxoglutarate, forming horizontal code domains. Codon bias evidence corroborated the XCN XGN step in expansion, and revealed row GNN coevolved with ANN, on correction for overprinting. Extended surfaceattachment (Fajan-Paneth principle) by pro-Fd[5] and bilayer partitioning by H+ ATPase proteolipid-h1 subunit implicated expansion phase proteins in driving increases in side-chain hydrophobicity during code expansion. 3-Base recruitment in pre-assigned codon boxes added six long (9-to 14-step) path amino acid, bearing a basic, or cyclic, side-chain; 3 of 4 polar, post-expansion amino acids acquired polar cluster NAN codons and 2 of 3 non-polar (Ile7 included) acquired non-polar cluster NUN codons, yieldng a split-box pair homology of p = 5.4x10-3. All eight overprinted codon boxes (GAYR for Asp1, Glu1 included) exhibit weak codon:anticodon H-bond enthalpy, -14 kcal/mol or higher, in three of six distinct code enthalpy states.

Increasingly, blending teaching has become a reality in a generation where the digital language is present in virtually every activity. In addition to allowing greater independence and encouraging students to learn at their own pace, blending teaching allows the student to easily access reliable information quickly. Therefore, new studies related to active learning methodology are fundamental. In this study we analyzed 69 interactions between high school students and their teachers in a biology learning activity using a social networking site and the methodology proposed by Mortimer and Scott. The results showed that the prior knowledge of students as well as questions posing challenges and problems to be solved, a very important approach in learning Science Methodology, were barely explored by teachers and mediators (17% and 1%, respectively). Our data demonstrated that the use of digital technology alone does not guarantee interactions that contribute to the learning process in the field of natural sciences. Proposals were also discussed so that these interactions become more diversified and interesting for students, arousing interest in research and promoting the knowledge of scientific methodology.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text

We analyzed the files regarding recruitment competitions won by 186 professors of selected bibliometric disciplines in Florence between January 2014 and 30 June 2021. An equal number of professors recruited at other Italian universities and of researchers who never attained professorship in Italy were randomly chosen in the same disciplines as each Florentine professor among individuals possessing National Scientific Qualification, a prerequisite for professorship. The H-indexes at the time of qualification (T1), of the Florence call (T2), and the current (T3) time were obtained from Scopus. Non-recruited researchers were more likely (Chi-square test) to show a higher H-index than both Florentine (T1 p=0.0005, T2 p=0.0015, T3 p=0.0095) and non-Florentine professors (T1 p=0.0078, T2 p=0.0245, T3 p=0.0500). Fifty-four non-recruited scientists serve in foreign universities, 100 at national/international research centers. The remaining 32 scientists (25 who keep producing despite precarious employment, and seven who have stopped publishing) were, at any rate, as likely as Florentine (T3 p=0.69) and non-Florentine professors (T3 p=0.14) to show a higher H-index. This study suggests that Italian academia does not recruit professors according to their qualitative/quantitative ability to publish, a detriment to knowledge for the nationwide system and on a global scale.

Scientific publications have become the backbone of scientific communication since their foundation in 1665. The three main models for publishing are Traditional (or subscription-based), Open Access (OA), and Hybrid. As of July 1, 2025, the NIH requires that Author Accepted Manuscripts resulting from NIH-funded research be immediately publicly available. To comply with this new requirement, authors may be forced to pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to publish Open Access, ranging from [~]$2000 to [~]$13,000 per article. With this change to the scientific publishing landscape, publishing costs shift from subscribers to authors causing authors to re-evaluate how they choose which journal to publish in. Here we analyze 75 popular biomedical journals to evaluate the publishing costs compared to the scientific impact (i.e. Impact Factor, CiteScore, SNIP) illustrated by three different Cost-Impact Effectiveness (CIE) metrics (APC/IF, APC/CS and APC/SNIP). To complement the new open access policy, our goal is to provide a resource to help the scientific community evaluate the impact-based cost effectiveness of different Open Access options during their journal selection process.

BackgroundAcademic life is highly competitive and expectations of fair competition underlie the assumption that academia is a meritocracy. However, implicit bias reinforces gender inequality in all peer review processes, unfairly eliminating outstanding individuals and depleting academia of diversity. Here, we ask whether applicant gender biases reviewer assessments of merit in Sweden, a country that is top ranked for gender equality. MethodsWe analyzed the peer review procedure for positions awarded at a Swedish medical University, Karolinska Institutet (KI), during four consecutive years (2014-2017) for Assistant Professor (n=207) and Senior Researcher (n=153). We derived a composite bibliometric score to compute productivity, and compared this to subjective external (non-KI) peer reviewer scores on applicants merits to test their association for men and women, separately. ResultsMen and women with equal merits are not scored equally by reviewers. Men generally have stronger associations (steeper slopes) between computed productivity and subjective external scores, meaning that peer reviewers suitably "reward" mens productivity with increased merit scores. However, for each additional composite bibliometric score point, women applying for Assistant Professor positions only receive 58% (79% for Senior Researcher) of the external reviewer score that men received, confirming that implicit bias affects external reviewers assessments. As productivity increases, the difference in merit scores between men and women increases. ConclusionsAccumulating bias impacts most strongly in the highest tier of competition, the pool from which successful candidates are ultimately chosen. Gender bias is apparent in external peer review processes of applications for academic positions in Sweden, and is likely to reinforce the unbalanced numbers of professorships in Sweden.

An examination is presented of scientific research publication trends during the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. After reviewing the timing of the emergence of the pandemic in 2020 and the growth of governmental responses, available secondary sources are used to highlight impacts of COVID-19 on scientific research. A bibliometric analysis is then undertaken to analyze developments in COVID-19 related scientific publications through to October of 2020 by broad trends, fields, countries, and organizations. Two publication data sources are used: PubMed and the Web of Science. While there has been a massive absolute increase in PubMed and Web of Science papers directly focused on COVID-19 topics, especially in medical, biological science, and public health fields, this is still a relatively small proportion of publication outputs across all fields of science. Using Web of Science publication data, the paper examines the extent to which researchers across all fields of science have pivoted their research outputs to focus on topics related to COVID-19. A COVID-19 research pivot is defined as the extent to which the proportion of output in a particular research field has shifted to a focus on COVID-19 topics in 2020 (to date) compared with 2019. Significant variations are found by specific fields (identified by Web of Science Subject Categories). In a top quintile of fields, not only in medical specialties, biomedical sciences, and public health but also in subjects in social sciences and arts and humanities, there are relatively high to medium research pivots. In lower quintiles, including other subjects in science, social science, and arts and humanities, low to zero COVID-19 research pivoting is identified. In a new Appendix to the paper, an updated analysis is provided through to mid-April 2022. CitationShapira, P. "Scientific publications and COVID-19 "research pivots" during the pandemic: An initial bibliometric analysis," bioRxiv 2020.12.06.413682; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.06.413682 Version NotesVersion 1: Original paper, completed on December 6, 2020; posted at bioRxiv on December 7, 2020. Version 2: Minor grammar items corrected. Version 3: Updated bibliometric analysis through to mid-April 2022 added on April 29, 2022, as new Appendix 2.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stands as one of the most foundational concepts in life sciences, essential for students to master. However, when surveyed about the forces that stabilize the double-stranded DNA structure, many students exhibited a conceptual bias-- favoring base pairing as the primary stabilizing force, while overlooking the equally critical role of base stacking interactions. To investigate the origins of this misconception, students conducted a comprehensive analysis of 35 widely used textbooks. Their findings revealed that one-third of these texts explicitly emphasized base pairing as the sole stabilizing force in their written content. Furthermore, two-thirds of the textbook contained illustrations that reinforced this bias, visually highlighting base pairing while neglecting base stacking. Recognizing this bias, students embarked on a literature review to gain a more accurate and nuanced understanding of DNA stabilization. Through this research, we identified three concept areas--DNA structure and function, environmental effects on DNA, and DNA-protein interactions--to illustrate how base pairing and base stacking work in concert to stabilize the antiparallel double helical structure of DNA. This interplay between base pairing and base stacking is crucial not only for the structural integrity of DNA, but also for its biological functionality. By addressing this conceptual bias, we aim to promote a more balanced and scientifically accurate representation of DNA stabilization in educational materials.

Parenthood has long been associated with gender disparities in academia. Yet, the underlying mechanism of how parenting is associated with career achievement gaps of academics remains unclear. Using data from a large-scale survey distributed to 7,764 scholars and their publication profiles from the Web of Science database, we analyze the gender differences in parenthood, academic achievements, and the mediation effect of work-family conflict and partner support in these gender gaps. Our results suggest that gender gaps in academic achievements are in fact "parenthood gaps". Specifically, we found significant gender gaps exist in all measures of objective and subjective career achievements of academics in the parent group but not in the non-parent group. Additionally, mothers are more likely than fathers to experience higher levels of work-family conflict, and receive lower levels of partner support, contributing significantly to the gender gaps in objective and subjective career achievements for the parent group. Findings from this study identify the forms and the impact of parenthood on gender disparities in career achievements of academics and shed light on possible interventions and actions for mitigating gender inequalities in academia.

Academic journals use peer review to weed out false information, but peer review and other editorial processes are normally confidential. Therefore, individuals sometimes create hoaxes to test whether editorial processes are as robust as they are claimed, or whether they are done at all. This article tracks the occurrence of hoaxes aimed at scholarly publishers and academic conferences since 2000. Since 2009, successful hoaxes usually appeared at a year of one or more a year, usually motivated by academics or journalists exposing so-called "predatory" journals. The apparent rise in the number of hoaxes reflects a lack of transparency in editorial processes at both legitimate and "predatory" journals. Reaction of academic communities to hoaxes varies widely depending on the perceived intent of the target of the hoaxes and whether the hoax demonstrates what the hoaxer claims.

The Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), established by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) at the National Institutes of Health in 2000, was a research-intense, one-year training program for recent college graduates from backgrounds uncommon in science who intended to matriculate with a PhD or MD/PhD program in preparation for an eventual career in biomedical research. Case Western Reserve University had an NIGMS-supported PREP (CasePREP) from 2007 to 2025, the year NIGMS terminated the PREP funding mechanism. A major goal of CasePREP was to prepare post-baccalaureate trainees (termed Scholars) for graduate school, and major metrics of success were measured as Scholars who a) matriculated in and b) completed PhD or MD/PhD programs. A major goal of NIGMS-supported PREPs was the retention of these scientists in the biomedical research workforce. We report here the extent that CasePREP met program goals as well as the economic and scientific impact NIGMS-supported PREP has had for a variety of stakeholders. Data from 18 CasePREP cohorts included self-reported (surveys, interviews, questionnaires) and public data (websites, PubMed, NIH Reporter). Descriptive statistics and large language models were used to describe the major outcomes related to program goals and a new resilience course as well as Scholar productivity and contribution to science. Between 2007 and 2025, CasePREP was awarded $5.6 million USD and trained 108 Scholars. Most (89%) Scholars resided outside of Ohio prior to the start of CasePREP, with 38.89% from Puerto Rico. Almost all (98%) Scholars completed the one-year program in Cleveland, Ohio, and of those, 83% entered a PhD or MD/PhD program. As of September 2025, 46 Scholars have completed a PhD program, two Scholars have completed an MD/PhD program, and 27 are still in training. The attrition rate for CasePREP Scholars in graduate school is currently 14.77%, much lower than the attrition rates of national PhD programs. Most CasePREP Scholars (69.44%) are co-authors on one or more published manuscripts, and these 406 published works have garnered 14,261 total citations, with an average 35.04 citations per publication. Termination of PREP represents a five-year loss of [~]$2.7 million USD to CasePREP, a budget that would have trained an additional 30 Scholars. CasePREP was a great success as measured by its major outcomes. CasePREP Scholars have persisted in science and have made substantial contributions to the scientific workforce and enterprise. PREPs in general provided a crucial bridge for research talents who had little prior research opportunities to realize their potential and career goals. NIGMS termination of PREP support has negative economic consequences and endangers an important pathway to a career in science for Americans who would not otherwise have similar opportunities.